2.binary Exponentiation using Iterative

 #include <bits/stdc++.h>

#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>

#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>

using namespace std;

using namespace __gnu_pbds;

template <class type1>

#define ll long long int

#define endl "\n"

#define ordered_set tree<int, null_type, less<int>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>

using ordered_multiset = tree <type1, null_type, less_equal <type1>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;

 //ordered_multiset <ll> kek;(declaration for multiorder set)

// ordered_set o_set;(declaration)

//kek.order_of_key(i);(strictly less then i for multi order set)

//o_set.order_of_key(5) ;(strictly less then i for multi order set)

#define yes cout << "YES\n"

#define no cout << "NO\n"

#define mod 1000000007

ll func(ll a,ll b)

{

   ll ans=1;

   while(b>0)

   {

       if(b%2)ans=(ans*a)%mod;

       b/=2;

       a=(a*a)%mod;

   }

   return ans;

}

int main()

{

    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);

    cin.tie(0);

    cout.tie(0);

   

     ll t;

     cin>>t;

     while(t--)

     {

         ll a,b;

         cin>>a>>b;

         cout<<func(a,b)<<endl;

     }

    return 0;

}